2025年9月30日，美国食品药品管理局（FDA）发布了与《美国食品安全现代化法》（FSMA）下《农产品安全法规》中农业用水要求相关的新 常见问题解答（FAQs），并更新了有关FDA如何实施收获前农业用水要求的信息。此举体现了FDA持续致力于与利益相关方沟通合作，以改进以科学为基础的策略，从而预防因农产品引发的食源性疾病。

暴发调查表明，农业用水可能是导致病原体污染农产品的重要途径。因此， FSMA《农产品安全法规》规定了与农业用水相关的要求。2024年5月，FDA发布了最终法规，对适用于受监管农产品（不包括芽菜）的收获前农业用水的部分要求进行了修订。这些以系统为基础的要求是在原有收获时及收获后农业用水要求的基础上进一步完善的。

此次发布的常见问题解答（FAQs）旨在根据最终法规中涉及的主题，提供关于农业用水要求的信息，包括以下内容：

· 农业用水系统的检查与维护；

· 收获前农业用水评估（包括作为评估一部分的检测及评估结果）；

· 收获时及收获后农业用水要求；

· 纠正与降低危害措施；

· 农业用水处理。

除发布新的FAQs外，FDA还正与行业合作，编制一份关于农业用水管理的最佳实践文件。

对于受监管农产品（不包括芽菜）的收获前农业用水要求，其合规实施日期将根据农场规模分阶段实施，大型农场的实施日期自2025年4月7日开始。至于收获时及收获后农业用水要求，所有农场的实施日期均已开始。

此外，FDA还发布了关于如何实施《农产品安全法规》中收获前农业用水条款的最新信息。更新的内容重点介绍了FDA在国内外实施FSMA的关键要素，包括教育（面向业界和监管者）、行业培训、技术支持、检查、以及合规工作。FDA承诺将秉持“在监管前及监管过程中进行教育”的原则，帮助业界遵守收获前农业用水要求。FDA将继续与州级监管机构、教育机构、行业伙伴及其他相关方密切合作，推进这些要求的落实。

其他关联信息

· 常见问题解答：FSMA《农产品安全法规》下的农业用水要求（链接：https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma/frequently-asked-questions-agricultural-water-requirements-under-fsma-produce-safety-rule）

· FDA《农产品安全最终法规》（链接：https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma/fsma-final-rule-produce-safety）

· FSMA《收获前农业用水最终法规》（链接：https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma/fsma-final-rule-pre-harvest-agricultural-water）

· 《农产品安全法规》第E子部分中适用于受监管农产品（不包括芽菜）的收获时及收获后农业用水要求（链接：https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma/requirements-harvest-and-post-harvest-agricultural-water-subpart-e-covered-produce-other-sprouts）

原文：

FDA Publishes Agricultural Water FAQs and Information on FDA’s Implementation of the Pre-harvest Agricultural Water Requirements under the FSMA Produce Safety Rule

September 30, 2025, the FDA posted new frequently asked questions (FAQs) related to the agricultural water requirements in the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Produce Safety Rule, as well as updated information on how it will implement the pre-harvest agricultural water requirements. These efforts are part of FDA’s continued commitment to engagement and collaboration with stakeholders to improve science-based strategies to prevent foodborne illness from produce.

As shown through outbreak investigations, agricultural water can be a major conduit of pathogens that contaminate produce. As such, the FSMA Produce Safety Rule establishes requirements related to agricultural water. In May 2024, FDA published a final rule that revised certain requirements for pre-harvest agricultural water for covered produce (other than sprouts). These systems-based requirements are in addition to those that were already in place for harvest and post-harvest agricultural water.

The FAQs were developed to provide information about the agricultural water requirements based on topics covered in the final rules, including the following:

· Inspection and maintenance of agricultural water systems,

· Pre-harvest agricultural water assessments (including testing as part of an assessment and assessment outcomes),

· Harvest and post-harvest agricultural water requirements,

· Corrective and mitigation measures, and

· Agricultural water treatment.  

In addition to these new FAQs, FDA is also collaborating with industry on the development of a forthcoming best practices document for managing agricultural water.  

Compliance dates for the pre-harvest agricultural water requirements for covered produce (other than sprouts) are staggered based on farm size, beginning on April 7, 2025, for large farms. Compliance dates for the harvest and post-harvest agricultural water requirements have passed for all farms.  

The FDA is also releasing updated information about how it plans to implement the pre-harvest agricultural water provisions of the Produce Safety Rule. The updated information focuses on the key elements of the agency’s approach to FSMA implementation, including education (for both industry and regulators), industry training, technical assistance, inspections, and compliance, both domestically and internationally.  The agency is committed to taking an “educate before and while we regulate” approach to supporting compliance with the pre-harvest agricultural water requirements. The FDA continues to work closely with state regulators, educators, industry partners, and others as these requirements are implemented.

For More Information  

· Frequently Asked Questions: Agricultural Water Requirements under the FSMA Produce Safety Rule

· FDA Final Rule on Produce Safety

· FSMA Final Rule on Pre-Harvest Agricultural Water

· Requirements for Harvest and Post-Harvest Agricultural Water in Subpart E for Covered Produce Other than Sprouts 

· 原文链接：https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma/frequently-asked-questions-agricultural-water-requirements-under-fsma-produce-safety-rule

信息来源：美国FDA驻华办公室